www.medenosrce.net/arhimed   arhimed(a-t>medenosrce.net   [22/04/2026 01:18:41] http://www.medenosrce.net/arhimed/poglej.asp?id=114 Standarizacija kratkega preizkusa spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS) Avtor: Gal Granda Mentor: prof. dr. David B. Vodušek IZHODIŠCE. Zaradi staranja prebivalstva se pogostost demence povecuje. Potrebno je aktivno iskanje obolelih v ogoroženi populaciji. Za tako iskanje so najbolj primerni kratki presejalni testi kognitivnih sposobnosti. Eden izmed najboljših in najpogosteje uporabljanih testov te vrste je Mini Mental State Examination. Odlikujejo ga kratkost, enostavnost in zanesljivost. O slednji lahko govorimo le kadar imamo pri testiranju in vrednotenju rezultatov na voljo normative, ki so bili izdelani za populacijo, ki jo testiramo. V Sloveniji že od leta 1984 uporabljamo KPSS - slovensko priredbo MMSE, vendar norm za slovensko populacijo do danes nismo imeli kar je pomembno omejevalo uporabnosti in uporabo KPSS v praksi. NAMEN. Pridobitev normativnih vrednosti za test KPSS pri posameznih starostnih in izobrazbenih skupinah v populaciji starejših od 55 let. HIPOTEZA. Pri testiranju vecjega števila nedementnih preiskovancev z novo priredbo KPSS se bo pokazala pomembna odvisnost rezultata od starosti in izobrazbe, s cimer bo utemeljena potreba po tako obsežni normativni študiji. METODE. V test KPSS smo vnesli nekatere popravke, ki so se ob prakticni uporabi v zadnjih petih letih pokazali za potrebne. Testiranje smo izvajali v zdravstvenih domovih v Ljubljani, Mariboru in Novem Mestu. V raziskavo smo vkljucili 154 preiskovancev, katerih povprecna starost je bila 65,1 let (v razponu od 55 do 87 let). Vsi preiskovanci so bili brez diagnoze demence ali druge aktivne psihiatricne bolezni. Vpliv starosti, spola in izobrazbe na rezultat pri KPSS smo ocenjevali z analizo variance (ANOVA) ter analizo variance s kovarianco (ANCOVA). Pri preizkušanju domnev smo imeli vrednosti p < 0,05 za statisticno pomembne. REZULTATI. Ugotovili smo, da rezultat na KPSS ni odvisen od spola. Preiskovance smo razdelili v štiri starostne skupine v intervalih po pet let. Razlike v povprecnem rezultatu na KPSS so bile statisticno pomembne (p < 0,0002). Preiskovance smo razdelili v skupine tudi glede na število let izobraževanja. Razlike v rezultatih na KPSS med izobrazbenimi skupinami so bile statisticno visoko pomembne (p < 0,0000). Pridobili smo normativne vrednosti za posamezne starostne in izobrazbene skupine. ZAKLJUCKI. Glavni rezultat naloge so norme za posamezne starostne in izobrazbene skupine. Povprecni dosežki preiskovancev na KPSS niso odvisni od spola in kažejo pomembno odvisnost od izobrazbe in starosti. S tem je bila potrjena hipoteza raziskave in utemeljena potreba po opravljeni raziskavi obsežnost. Iz razlik med normami za posamezne skupine je ocitno, da bodo te norme pomembno povecale natancnost KPSS pri prakticni uporabi. V prihodnosti bo potrebno opraviti še validacijsko študijo. Z našimi rezultati in rezultati validacijske študije bo dokoncan proces prirejanja testa KPSS za slovensko populacijo, kar predstavlja pomemben prispevek k reševanju problematike odkrivanja in zgodnje demence pri nas. «» [Abstract / English version] Standarizacija kratkega preizkusa spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS) Author: Gal Granda Mentor: prof. dr. David B. Vodušek BACKGROUND. Aging of the population makes the incidence of dementia growing. Active search for the patients in the population at risk is necessary. The most suitable way for it are short screening tests of cognitive state. One of the best and most widely used test of such kind is Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Its main characteristics are shortness, simplicity and reliability. Normative values made for the population being tested are indispensable for the reliability of the test. Kratek preizkus spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS)- Slovenian version of MMSE has been used in Slovenia since 1984, without normative values for Slovenian population, which restricted its usefulness and the use in clinical practise. AIM. The aim of the present paper was to obtain the normative values for KPSS for the different age and educational groups in population of adults older than 55 years. HYPOTHESIS. Results of the testing a great number of non-demented individuals with KPSS will be the significantly dependent on the age and the education, what will justify the extensive nature of the study. METHODS. The research comprised of KPSS testing in 154 volunteers, mean age 65,1 (ranged from 55 to 87 years). None of them had a diagnosis of dementia or other active psychiatric illness. The modified KPSS was used for testing at general practises in Ljubljana, Maribor and Novo Mesto. The influence of age, gender and education on the result was assesed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the analysis of variance with covariance (ANCOVA). Values of p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS. Gender influence on the mean result on KPSS was not established. The volunteers were divided in four age groups at five-year intervals. Statistically significant differences for the mean results among the age groups were discovered (p < 0,0002). The volunteers were further divided in groups according to the levels of education. The differences in mean results among the educational groups were highly statistically significant (p < 0,0000). Normative values for the age and educational groups were obtained. CONCLUSIONS. The mean results on KPSS are not gender dependent, but show the significant dependency on individual’s education and age. Our results confirm the hypothesis and justify the research. The main result of the study are normative values for age and educational groups. The differences among the groups clearly shows the contribution of the normative values to the accuracy KPSS in clinical use. The results of the present study combined with those of the validation study will end the process of standardization of KPSS for the Slovenian population, what makes a significant contribution to the early detecting of dementia.