www.medenosrce.net/arhimed   arhimed(a-t>medenosrce.net   [22/04/2026 01:34:50] http://www.medenosrce.net/arhimed/poglej.asp?id=137 MOTNJE V RAZVOJU GOVORA Avtor: Alenka Kobal, Blaž Kosmac Mentor: doc. dr. Avgust Župevc Somentor: doc. dr. Irena Hocevar Boltežar IZHODIŠCE: Motnje v govornem razvoju (MGR) predstavljajo bistveno oviro pri razvoju cloveških sposobnosti. Možni vzroki za MGR so podedovani dejavniki, bolezni in poškodbe CŽS, slabši sluh, moten duševni razvoj, psihiatricna obolenja in psihicne motnje ter neugodno socialno okolje. NAMEN: Z raziskavo smo poskušali ugotoviti najpogostejše vzroke za MGR, kakšne strokovne pomoci so otroci z MGR deležni in kakšen je bil napredek teh otrok v govornem razvoju glede na posamezni vzrok. HIPOTEZE: Najpogostejši vzrok MGR so podedovani dejavniki. Vecina otrok z MGR dobi ustrezno strokovno pomoc in primerno zdravljenje. Vecina otrok v naslednjih letih govorno napreduje, vendar vsi v govornem razvoju ne dosežejo sovrstnikov. Najvecji govorni napredek pricakujemo pri otrocih, kjer je vzrok podedovan. METODE: V retrospektivni raziskavi smo zajeli 101 otroka (30 deklic in 71 deckov), ki so bili v letih 1990 - 1997 prvic obravnavani zaradi MGR. Iz strokovne dokumentacije (izvid foniatra, logopeda in psihologa) smo povzeli možne vzroke za motnjo. Vsem otrokom smo poslali vprašalnik o nacinu strokovne pomoci ter govornem napredku. Iz odgovorjenih vprašalnikov in medicinske dokumentacije smo povzeli oceno govornega napredka po vec kot enem letu. Dobljene podatke smo obdelali na nivoju deskriptivne statistike. REZULTATI: Najpogostejši vzrok MGR so bile bolezni in poškodbe CŽS (38,6%), potem motnje v duševnem razvoju (20,8%), podedovane motnje (18,8%). Pri 57,4% otrok z MGR smo našli vec kot en vzrok, pri 10,9% otrok pa vzroka iz razpoložljive dokumenatcije nismo mogli ugotoviti. Podatke o strokovni pomoci smo dobili za 76 otrok. Najvecjemu številu otrok je pomagal logoped (89,9%), pomoc psihologa je dobilo 52,6%, pomoc specialnega pedagoga pa 32,9% otrok. Podatke o napredku v govornem razvoju smo dobili za 63 otrok. 7,9% otrok ni napredovalo, 66,67% otrok je napredovalo, a ne dosegajo vrstnikov, 25,4% otrok je doseglo vrstnike v govornem razvoju. Artikulacijske motnje je imelo 69,7% otrok z MGR, bralno-napisovalne motnje pa 56% šoloobveznih otrok. Najbolj so napredovali otroci s podedovanimi vzroki za MGR (45,5% je doseglo sovrstnike), najmanj pa otroci z motnjami v duševnem razvoju (21,4% otrok je doseglo vrstnike) in boleznimi in poškodbami CŽS (17,4% otrok je doseglo vrstnike). Med vsemi otroci z MGR je bilo 21,8% nedonošenih otrok in 5,9% zahiranckov, ki so kljub pomoci v govoru slabše napredovali, le 21,4% otrok je doseglo vrstnike. ZAKLJUCKI: Najpogostejša vzroka za MGR sta bolezni in poškodbe CŽS in moten duševni razvoj. Kljub kompleksni terapiji doseže vrstnike v govornem razvoju le slaba cetrtina otrok, dve tretjini otrok z MGR napredujeta, a vrstnikov ne dosežeta. Najboljšo prognozo glede govornega razvoja imajo otroci s podedovanimi motnjami, najslabšo pa otroci z boleznimi in poškodbami CŽS. Vec kot cetrtina otrok z MGR v naši raziskavi je bilo zahiranckov in prezgodaj rojenih otrok. Z odkrivanjem in zdravljenjem bi morali zaceti cimprej, po možnosti že v casu razvoja govornih centrov in poti v CŽS, torej pred tretjim letom starosti. «» [Abstract / English version] MOTNJE V RAZVOJU GOVORA Author: Alenka Kobal, Blaž Kosmac Mentor: doc. dr. Avgust Župevc Co-mentor: doc. dr. Irena Hocevar Boltežar BACKGROUND: Speech development disorders (SDD) represent a major obstacle in the development of various human abilities. The possible causes for the SDD are the genetic factors, diseases and injuries of the CNS, impaired hearing, impaired mental development, psychiatric diseases and psychic disorders and an unfavorable social enviroment. AIM: We tried to establish the most common causes of SDD, what kind of professional help is available in our country to the children who are diagnosed with SDD and how much the children who participated in our study improved in their speech development in relation to the various causes. HYPOTHESIS: The most common cause of SDD is the genetic factor. Most children with SDD receive appropriate professional help and a suitable treatment. Most children experience some progression regarding speech development in the following years, but some of them will not catch up to their peers. METHODS: We included 101 children in this retrospective study (30 girls and 71 boys). All of them were first diagnosed and treated between 1990-1997 for SDD. We dechiphered the possible causes for the disorder from the available professional data (the phoniatricians, logopedic and psychological reports). All parents of these children received a questionary about the modes of professional help their children had received and about their progress regarding speech development. We used the information from the returned questionaries and the available professional data to evaluate the progression in speech development. We processed the received data on the level of descriptive statistic. RESULTS: The most common cause of SDD were diseases and injuries of CNS (38,6%), which were followed by disorders in the mental development (20,8%) and genetic factors (18,8%). We found more than one cause for the SDD in 57,4% of children, for 10,9% of children we could not identify the cause from the available data. We had received full information about professional help for 76 children. Most of these children were helped by speech therapist (89,9%), psychologist treated 52,6% and special education teacher 32,9%. For 63 children we have received full information about their progression in speech development. 7,9% of them did not progress, 66,67% progressed but did not catch up to their peers, 25,4% caught up to their peers. Articulation disorders were found in 69,7%, reading and writing disorders were found in 56% of 25 school children. The children with genetic disorders as their primary cause for SDD improved the most (45,5% caught up to their peers), while the children with mental development disorders and diseases and injuries of the CNS showed the least progress (21,4% and 17,4% caught up to their peers respectively). Out of all the children with SDD who participated in our study, 21,8% were born prematurely and 5,9% were small for their gestational age. These children showed little progress in their speech development (only 21,4% caught up to their peers). CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes for SDD are the diseases and injuries of CNS and disturbed mental development. Despite intense therapy less than a quarter of children catch up to their peers, two thirds progress but do not catch up. The children with genetic disorders as the primary cause for SDD have the most favorable prognosis regarding speech development and the children with diseases and injuries of the CNS have the worst. More than a quarter of children with SDD in our study were either born prematurely or were small for their gestational age. The children with SDD should be detected and treated early, if possible during the developement of the speech centers and pathways in the CNS, before the age of three.